English Vocabulary: Descriptive & Emotional Words

Powerful Adjectives

dazzling (adj)

1) extremely bright 2) impressively skillful/beautiful

Examples:

  • The dazzling sunlight hurt my eyes.
  • She gave a dazzling performance.
  • His dazzling smile won everyone over.
German: blendend, schillernd

rugged (adj)

rough and uneven; tough and sturdy

Examples:

  • The coastline is rugged and beautiful.
  • He has a rugged, outdoorsy appearance.
  • This laptop is built for rugged conditions.
German: zerklüftet, robust

untethered (adj)

not tied down; free from restrictions

Examples:

  • He lives an untethered life, traveling constantly.
  • The company is untethered from traditional business models.
  • She felt untethered after quitting her job.
German: losgebunden, ungebunden

revealing (adj)

giving interesting or significant information

Examples:

  • The interview was very revealing.
  • His reaction was quite revealing of his true feelings.
  • It's a revealing look at corporate culture.
German: aufschlussreich

instructive (adj)

informative; providing useful knowledge

Examples:

  • The documentary was highly instructive.
  • Her failure was instructive—it taught us what not to do.
  • This is an instructive example of good leadership.
German: lehrreich, aufschlussreich

disproportionate (adj)

too large or too small compared to something else

Examples:

  • The punishment seems disproportionate to the crime.
  • A disproportionate amount of funding goes to marketing.
  • The response was disproportionate to the actual threat.

Emotional & Relational Verbs

resonate (verb)

1) produce sound by vibration 2) evoke emotions/memories; relate deeply

Examples:

  • Her words resonated with the audience. (emotional connection)
  • His message resonates with young voters.
  • The guitar strings resonated beautifully. (literal sound)

displease (verb)

make someone feel annoyed or dissatisfied

Examples:

  • His rude behavior displeased the entire family.
  • I don't want to displease my boss by arriving late.
  • She was clearly displeased with the results.

begrudge (verb)

envy someone; resent giving something

Examples:

  • I don't begrudge her success—she earned it.
  • He begrudges every penny he spends on rent.
  • Why do you begrudge me a little happiness?
German: nicht gönnen

reconcile (verb)

1) restore friendly relations 2) make compatible or consistent

Examples:

  • After their argument, they decided to reconcile.
  • It's hard to reconcile his kind words with his harsh actions.
  • The accountant reconciled the bank statements.

cultivate (verb)

1) grow/tend plants 2) develop/nurture (skill/relationship)

Examples:

  • They cultivate organic vegetables.
  • He cultivated important relationships in the industry.
  • She cultivated a reputation for excellence.
German: pflegen

persist (verb)

continue firmly despite difficulty or opposition

Examples:

  • The problem persists despite our best efforts.
  • She persisted in asking questions until she understood.
  • If symptoms persist for more than a week, see a doctor.

Nouns & Concepts

misfortune (noun)

bad luck; an unfortunate event

Examples:

  • He suffered the misfortune of losing his job and his home in the same month.
  • It would be a great misfortune if we missed this opportunity.
  • She had the misfortune to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.

turn of events

unexpected change or development in a situation

Examples:

  • In a surprising turn of events, she won the election.
  • This turn of events changes everything.
  • No one expected this unfortunate turn of events.

pollutants (noun, plural)

substances that contaminate air, water, or soil

Examples:

  • Factory emissions release harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.
  • Chemical pollutants have damaged the river ecosystem.
  • New regulations aim to reduce industrial pollutants.

peacocking (noun/gerund)

showing off to impress others (like a peacock displays feathers)

Examples:

  • He's just peacocking with that expensive car.
  • Stop peacocking and get to work.
  • The peacocking at tech conferences is exhausting.

sugar-coating (noun/gerund)

making something seem better/less bad than it really is

Examples:

  • Stop sugar-coating the problem—we need the truth.
  • There's no sugar-coating it: the results are disappointing.
  • He presented the bad news without sugar-coating.

Dynamic Expressions

rise sharply

increase rapidly and significantly

Examples:

  • Temperatures rose sharply in the afternoon.
  • Unemployment rose sharply during the pandemic.
  • Prices have risen sharply over the past year.

plateau (verb)

reach a stable level after growth; stop increasing

Examples:

  • Sales have plateaued after three years of growth.
  • Her performance plateaued despite extra training.
  • The economy is expected to plateau next quarter.

nosedive (verb)

drop suddenly and dramatically (informal)

Examples:

  • Stock prices nosedived after the announcement.
  • His career nosedived following the scandal.
  • Consumer confidence nosedived during the crisis.

steer something away

guide or direct something in a different direction

Examples:

  • She tried to steer the conversation away from politics.
  • The captain steered the ship away from the rocks.
  • He steered his career away from finance toward teaching.

track down

find something/someone after searching

Examples:

  • Police tracked down the suspect in another city.
  • I finally tracked down that old book you wanted.
  • Can you help me track down the original source?
German: aufspüren

Practice Exercises

Choose the right word:

  1. The coastline is incredibly ________ (rugged/dazzling)
  2. Her speech really ________ with the audience (resonated/cultivated)
  3. Sales have ________ after years of growth (nosedived/plateaued)

Write a sentence:

Use "track down" and "persist" in sentences about solving a difficult problem.

Explain the difference:

What's the difference between "rise sharply," "plateau," and "nosedive"? Draw a simple graph if it helps!