English Vocabulary: Descriptive & Emotional Words
Powerful Adjectives
dazzling (adj)
1) extremely bright 2) impressively skillful/beautiful
Examples:
- The dazzling sunlight hurt my eyes.
- She gave a dazzling performance.
- His dazzling smile won everyone over.
rugged (adj)
rough and uneven; tough and sturdy
Examples:
- The coastline is rugged and beautiful.
- He has a rugged, outdoorsy appearance.
- This laptop is built for rugged conditions.
untethered (adj)
not tied down; free from restrictions
Examples:
- He lives an untethered life, traveling constantly.
- The company is untethered from traditional business models.
- She felt untethered after quitting her job.
revealing (adj)
giving interesting or significant information
Examples:
- The interview was very revealing.
- His reaction was quite revealing of his true feelings.
- It's a revealing look at corporate culture.
instructive (adj)
informative; providing useful knowledge
Examples:
- The documentary was highly instructive.
- Her failure was instructive—it taught us what not to do.
- This is an instructive example of good leadership.
disproportionate (adj)
too large or too small compared to something else
Examples:
- The punishment seems disproportionate to the crime.
- A disproportionate amount of funding goes to marketing.
- The response was disproportionate to the actual threat.
Emotional & Relational Verbs
resonate (verb)
1) produce sound by vibration 2) evoke emotions/memories; relate deeply
Examples:
- Her words resonated with the audience. (emotional connection)
- His message resonates with young voters.
- The guitar strings resonated beautifully. (literal sound)
displease (verb)
make someone feel annoyed or dissatisfied
Examples:
- His rude behavior displeased the entire family.
- I don't want to displease my boss by arriving late.
- She was clearly displeased with the results.
begrudge (verb)
envy someone; resent giving something
Examples:
- I don't begrudge her success—she earned it.
- He begrudges every penny he spends on rent.
- Why do you begrudge me a little happiness?
reconcile (verb)
1) restore friendly relations 2) make compatible or consistent
Examples:
- After their argument, they decided to reconcile.
- It's hard to reconcile his kind words with his harsh actions.
- The accountant reconciled the bank statements.
cultivate (verb)
1) grow/tend plants 2) develop/nurture (skill/relationship)
Examples:
- They cultivate organic vegetables.
- He cultivated important relationships in the industry.
- She cultivated a reputation for excellence.
persist (verb)
continue firmly despite difficulty or opposition
Examples:
- The problem persists despite our best efforts.
- She persisted in asking questions until she understood.
- If symptoms persist for more than a week, see a doctor.
Nouns & Concepts
misfortune (noun)
bad luck; an unfortunate event
Examples:
- He suffered the misfortune of losing his job and his home in the same month.
- It would be a great misfortune if we missed this opportunity.
- She had the misfortune to be in the wrong place at the wrong time.
turn of events
unexpected change or development in a situation
Examples:
- In a surprising turn of events, she won the election.
- This turn of events changes everything.
- No one expected this unfortunate turn of events.
pollutants (noun, plural)
substances that contaminate air, water, or soil
Examples:
- Factory emissions release harmful pollutants into the atmosphere.
- Chemical pollutants have damaged the river ecosystem.
- New regulations aim to reduce industrial pollutants.
peacocking (noun/gerund)
showing off to impress others (like a peacock displays feathers)
Examples:
- He's just peacocking with that expensive car.
- Stop peacocking and get to work.
- The peacocking at tech conferences is exhausting.
sugar-coating (noun/gerund)
making something seem better/less bad than it really is
Examples:
- Stop sugar-coating the problem—we need the truth.
- There's no sugar-coating it: the results are disappointing.
- He presented the bad news without sugar-coating.
Dynamic Expressions
rise sharply
increase rapidly and significantly
Examples:
- Temperatures rose sharply in the afternoon.
- Unemployment rose sharply during the pandemic.
- Prices have risen sharply over the past year.
plateau (verb)
reach a stable level after growth; stop increasing
Examples:
- Sales have plateaued after three years of growth.
- Her performance plateaued despite extra training.
- The economy is expected to plateau next quarter.
nosedive (verb)
drop suddenly and dramatically (informal)
Examples:
- Stock prices nosedived after the announcement.
- His career nosedived following the scandal.
- Consumer confidence nosedived during the crisis.
steer something away
guide or direct something in a different direction
Examples:
- She tried to steer the conversation away from politics.
- The captain steered the ship away from the rocks.
- He steered his career away from finance toward teaching.
track down
find something/someone after searching
Examples:
- Police tracked down the suspect in another city.
- I finally tracked down that old book you wanted.
- Can you help me track down the original source?
Practice Exercises
Choose the right word:
- The coastline is incredibly ________ (rugged/dazzling)
- Her speech really ________ with the audience (resonated/cultivated)
- Sales have ________ after years of growth (nosedived/plateaued)
Write a sentence:
Use "track down" and "persist" in sentences about solving a difficult problem.
Explain the difference:
What's the difference between "rise sharply," "plateau," and "nosedive"? Draw a simple graph if it helps!